Unable to Find What You Are Looking For?
Try Using Alternate Spellings.
If you are unable to locate a document by the full spelling of a last name, please try using alternate spellings. Because some records were handwritten in cursive, the spelling of a name sometimes could be interpreted several ways. Try switching around the vowels. For example, an "A" may be an "O" or "U". Consonants may also take a different appearances. An "L" could be an "F", "S" or "T". The letters "PH" could be an "F".Try Using the Soundex Code
The Soundex Code indexes names by sound as pronounced in English. Soundex can help genealogists by indentifying spelling variations for a given surname (last name). Surnames that sound the same but are spelled differently, such as REED/REID and SMITH/SMITHE, have the same code and are filed together.Here’s how it works:
- Each code consists of a letter and three numbers, such as W235.
- The letter is always the first letter of the surname and the numbers encode the remaining consonants.
- Zeroes are added at the end if necessary to produce a four-character code. Additional letters are disregarded.
Here are a few examples:
- Weston is coded W235 (W, followed by 2 for the S, 3 for the T, and 5 for the N. The vowels are ignored.)
- Dever is coded D160 (D, followed by 1 for the V, 6 for the R, and 0 because there are no other consonants.)
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Disregard the letters A, E, I, O, U, H, W, and Y.
There are a few exceptions to this code.
- If a surname has any double letters, such as WiLLiams, only the first should be counted.
- If a surname has at least two different letters side-by-side that are assigned the same code number, such as JaCKSon, they should be treated as one letter.
- Surnames with prefixes – Van, De, Con, for example – may be coded with or without the prefix. Try both ways.
- If a vowel separates two consonants that have the same code number, the consonant to the right of the vowel is coded.
